I seek to demonstrate an unrecognized branching pattern or series of branching patterns in the human species by way of a comparison of a population of clones to the natural population from which the clones are derived: In the case of an individual human organism taken at random and cloned to produce a population of clones (such as a 1,000 or a 1,000,000), it is possible to predict that the distribution of characteristics of the natural population would collapse in the generation of clones.1 In the human species this distribution of characteristics across individual organisms in any generation is part of a larger branching pattern or series of branching patterns (faces, physical characteristics, and behavioral characteristics): That is, there is an increasing number and differentiation of faces and facial characteristics, physical characteristics (including across body types, ectomorphs, mesomorphs, and endomorphs), and behavioral characteristics including intelligences, personality characteristics, and talents from the earliest human societies to contemporary human societies, including across various ethnic, linguistic, and racial groups.
The co-discoverer of the theory of evolution by natural selection, Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that natural selection in itself did not explain the existence of higher intelligence -- or higher intelligences -- in humans. This is because, in Wallace’s view, the theory of natural selection explained the conservation of adaptive characteristics that emerged to meet immediate or near immediate needs and wants of the organism and the larger species of which the breeding population of organisms was a part. Thus, Wallace argued that from the standpoint of animal physiology the higher intelligence of humans was an extravagance compared to the adaptive characteristics that emerged from natural selection to meet immediate or near immediate needs and wants presented by the environment.